Crossing bars can be dangerous – there are countless tales of mariners being caught on bars and entrances in dangerous and sometimes life threatening situations. Conditions prevailing on a bar can cause steep and breaking seas and conditions can change quickly and without warning.
No amount of experience or boat type makes crossing a bar safe when the conditions are not ideal.
Transport Safety Victoria (TSV) has produced a brief crossing bars facts sheet – which provides a valuable guide to cautions, safety checks and operator tips for mariners when crossing bars.
Gippsland Ports has produced a short video to assist vessel operators in understanding issues associated with crossing a bar. The video was filmed on location at Lakes Entrance.
Mariners are urged to view Ports and Waterways pages within this website for a more detailed description of conditions and cautions for the bars and entrances at specific Gippsland Ports’ locations.
General information
- Always check the weather before leaving port;
- Make sure you know of any alternative ports or safe anchorage areas before heading out. If the bar becomes impossible to cross make sure you are carrying enough fuel to reach that alternative location;
- Alcohol and boating are a dangerous combination at any time. The problems of crossing a bar demand a clear head from all on board;
- Most bars or bar areas have radio coverage available on the 27 MHz (Ch 88) and VHF (Ch 16). Marine Rescue Base stations can provide bar information, sea conditions, weather forecasts and tidal data. Using the radio base adds to your safety particularly as you can call before and after crossing to ensure that someone knows you are on the bar and organise assistance should it be needed;
- Make sure you understand the capacity of your boat to handle breaking seas. Some boats are not designed for the job;
- Most importantly, the skipper should have both the experience and temperament to handle the situation. If you are new to boating only cross bars in good conditions and gain experience gradually.
Local knowledge
Local knowledge is an essential part of crossing any bar. Every bar is different and all bars can change quickly, depending on the conditions. The following points need attention before crossing any bar.
- If you are new to an area, observe the bar from land first. If possible use Polaroid type sunglasses to pick the visible channels indicated by darker coloured water and lack of breaking waves;
- Talk with the locals or check with local authorities;
- Watch how other vessels handle the bar. Take note of the line they follow in and out, where they wait and watch, and where they move off to cross the bar;
- Take careful note of any navigation aids that may help, particularly leads that mark the channel.
Preparation
After gaining a working knowledge of the bar check the weather forecast and most importantly the state of the tide at the time you want to leave port. An incoming tide is always safer.
- If possible time your day at sea to coincide with a rising tide both leaving and entering port;
- Check that your boat is operating correctly and make sure throttle and steering systems are perfect;
- Check the battery and fuel tank are locked down or fixed in place;
- Ensure your safety gear is in good shape and a PFD is available and properly fitted to each person on board.
On the water procedure
- Warm up the engine and check everything is running smoothly. Do not attempt the crossing if the motor is misfiring or does not respond quickly;
- Check the steering and bilge pump;
- Close all hatches;
- Secure the anchor(s). Do not leave an anchor sitting in a forward well where it could become a lethal missile or be catapulted overboard;
- Arrange passengers so that the boat is balanced and secure all gear;
- Each person must be wearing a properly fitted PFD of appropriate size (nb children must wear children’s size PFDs, not adult size);
- With the bar in sight, idle around and check the conditions – then decide to proceed if safe to do so.
Going out
When heading out, remember you will experience a clash of very severe forces. The outgoing boat must meet the energy of the breaking sea, minimising these clashes makes things safer for you and the boat. The main technique is:
- Idle towards the breaking waves watching carefully for any lulls. If a flat period occurs apply the throttle and run through;
- If the waves just keep rolling in, motor to the surf zone and gently accelerate over the first piece of white water, then apply more power and run to the next wave. Time this carefully, don’t go too fast or you may get airborne on the next wave;
- Back off the power just before contact with the swell. As you come through or over the breaker, accelerate again and repeat the process until clear;
- Head for the lowest part of the wave (the saddle). This is the last part of the wave to break;
- As an alternative, half cabin vessels can proceed slowly through the entire bar system, although at some stage a wave will break over the boat. So long as the boat goes straight ahead, very little can happen to it.
Don't
- Don’t hit a wave face with the power full on, the boat can become air borne or throw the crew into the windscreen, dashboard or floor;
- Don’t lose your nerve. Once committed, keep going forward. You may be swamped if you try to turnaround at the last moment;
- Don’t go through waves at an angle. Either go straight or up to 10 degrees either side of dead straight.
Coming in
Coming in over the bar is usually easier. However, once you are mixed up in the white water the noise and boisterous seas can test your nerve.
- When entering the bar move towards the breaking area and pick the line of least activity. Stay with the leads if the breakers obscure your vision. Watch for breakers that may form to seaward of your observation point.
- Once you have the general direction, wait for a big set to roll in and position the boat on the back of a wave and stay there. Don’t run down the wave face. Very little can happen if you hold your position.
- As you approach the actual entrance, the outgoing tide may affect the boat’s speed. Maintain power and trim the nose of the boat up a little, adding power as needed. The outrunning tide may also create pressure waves near the mouth of the system. These steep peaks should be handled carefully as they can destabilise the craft causing it to yaw or broach. Handle pressure waves by accelerating gently as you come over each wave.
***Remember that everyone must wear a personal flotation device (PFD) when crossing the bar.***